日志
Chinese Medicine can cure Heart Disease
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Chinese Medicine can cure Heart Disease
Frank Dec.
21 2011, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
1.1.
Controlling the signaling pathway of cell
1.2.
Regulation of electrocardiogram indexes
1.3. Regulation
effect on the ET, NO ans NOS
1.3.1. Regulation
of ET, NO in ischemic heart disease
1.3.2.
Regulation of ET, NO in atherosclerosis
1.3.3.
Regulation of ET, NO In hypertension
1.3.4.
Regulation of NO, NOS in myocardial ischemia
1.4.
Chinese medicine is superior to verapamil
2.
Enhancing myocardial contractility
3. The
effect of bi-directioal regualtion
3.1.
Bi-directional regulation of the heart rate
3.2. Bi-directional regulation of blood pressure
4. Protect vascular smooth muscle tension
5. Protect myocardial cells mitochondria
6.
Coronary Heart angina pectoris
9.
Improve the micro vascular circulation
10. Comparison of Chinese medicine and nitroglycerin
11.
Narrow after operation of coronary artery dilatation
12. Protective effect on endothelial cells
13.. Chinese medicine can neutralize the
endotoxin and reduce it’s impair on microcirculation
Firstly let us see two amazing
news.
The researchers in MRC
Clinical Sciences Center at Imperial College London published the First Image
of bleeding inside the heart muscle following a heart attack. The article also
indicates that, some people experience bleeding inside the heart muscle, once
blood pumps into it again, the patients will have a much poorer chance of
recovery.
'Miracle': Kirsty Collier's heart grew back after a third was removed when she was a baby
Kirsty,
a girl of Britain. Her heart grew back after a third was removed in an emergency
operation when she was 4 months old in 9 years ago. The case shows the
wonderful capability of our heart on self-healing and given us the confidence
to overcome the terrible heart disease.
Most of cardiovascular disease
is chronic diseases induced by more pathogenesis and multi-factor. In the process
of occurrence and the development are often involving the changes of pathological
and gene expression in multiple organs or parts of the body.
Chinese medicine (CM) is used
in compound formula, which has a special advantage and efficacy to restore the
health entirely in multi-level, multi-link and multi-target. Therefore, CM
possesses big potential to apply in such diseases.
1.1. Controlling the signaling pathway of cell
In vitro rabbit hearts
ischemic and reperfusion model, Chinese medicine shows the effect in
controlling the signaling pathway of MAPK cell that regulates anti-reperfusion
injury. And the specific inhibitors can not diminish the effect.
1.2. Regulation of electrocardiogram indexes
In model of anesthetized dogs
and mice, intravenous injection of Chinese medicine, for dogs, obviously
decreases the blood pressure, slow down the heart rate, and significantly increase
PR interval, QT interval and ST interval in electrocardiogram. But no obvious
impact on QRS, T-wave, P waves, Heart rhythm, respiratory rate, respiratory
depth and respiratory rhythm. For mice, have no inhibiting effect on central
nervous system.
1.3. Regulation effect on the ET, NO and NOS
1.3.1. Regulation
of ET, NO in ischemic heart disease
In dogs’ acute myocardial
ischemia model established with ligation of left anterior descending coronary
artery. In the process of acute myocardial ischemia, observed that the levels
of NO in serum and cardiac significantly decreased. And the level of ET-1 in plasma
and myocardial increased significantly.
However, in the group of CM,
the levels of NO in serum and myocardial significantly increased. ET-1 levels
significantly decreased. There was a significant difference compared with
ischemic group. The facts showed that CM can protect myocardial ischemic injury
through promoting the generation of NO and inhibiting the synthesis of ET-1.
60 patients of coronary
myocardial ischemia heart disease, randomly divided into test group of 30 cases
that treated by conventional Western medicine (WM) integrateing CM and control
group of 30 cases that treated by conventional WM. After treatment of two
groups of patients, the clinical symptoms scoring of the total load of
myocardial ischemia and malondialdehyde were all decreased.
However, the decrease in CM
group is particularly evident. In CM group, the ET level decreased significantly
compared with that of the decrease of ET level was not obvious in control
group,. In two groups, the NO and serum superoxide dismutase were both
increased, but in test group, the increase level was significantly higher than
that of control group. The good effect of CM on anti-myocardial ischemia
closely related with anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-vascular endothelial
injury.
1.3.2．Regulation of ET, NO in atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis patients, ET
levels increased, NO level decreased. The increase of the ET level will play a
catalytic role in cell proliferation of vascular smooth muscle.
Rats hyperlipemia Model
established by feeding high-fat diet for 6 weeks. Gavages administration of CM
for six weeks, found CM can significantly increase the levels of serum NO. In
low dose group (150 mg / kg of CM), the plasma ET content significantly reduced.
In high-dose group (300 mg / kg of CM), the level of plasma prostacyclin PGI2
marked increased. Those effects are conducive to the protection of artery
endothelial cell function for hyperlipidemic rats. So as can reduce the
development of hyperlipemia.
In rabbits’ atherosclerosis
model established by castration postmenopausal, intravenous bovine serum
albumin and 0.5% high-fat diet. After 12 weeks gavages with CM, the unusual
increase of the serum cholesterol and triglyceride was inhibited. The level of
NO increased. The content of ET decreased, showed protective effect on cell
ultrastructure.
1.3.3. Regulation
of ET, NO in hypertension
In the development of hypertension
disease, the vascular endothelial tissue is not only a regulation mediate-substances
also the target tissue of the diseases. The vascular endothelial cells (VEC)
can secrete a strong substance of systolic and diastolic for blood vessels,
called endothelin (ET) and NO. In the process of local regulating the vascular
tension, they play an important role.
In rats hypertension model,
after 20 days treatment of CM, blood pressure and plasma ET levels
significantly decreased, NO content increased. CM can significantly inhibit the
activity of gene expression of c-myc and ET on the artery wall of hypertensive
rats. Promote the gene expression of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
Indicate that the CM can regulate the activity of gene expression of c-myc,
iNOS and ET in the level of gene transcription, and achieve the therapeutic
effect in lower the blood pressure and slow down the progress of
arteriosclerosis through adjusting the level of NO and ET to inhibit the
proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell.
Elderly patients with
hypertension, ET was significantly higher than that of normal, CGRP, NO levels
are significantly lower than that of normal. After treated by CM, in 58 cases,
the blood pressure and ET obviously decreased, CGRP and NO levels markedly
increased.
20 dogs of myocardial ischemia
were divided into the control group，isosorbide mononitrate group and CM group. The nitric oxide (NO), nitric
oxide synthase (NOS) of serum were measured，before and after treatment. Results In the therapy
of CM group，the levels of NO，NOS were significantly higher than the isosorbide mononitrate group.（P<0.05，P<0.01）.
In dog myocardial ischemia
model, total 20 dogs was random divided into isosorbide mononitrate group and
Chinese medicine group. The nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)
of serum were measured before and after treatment. Results, in the Chinese
medicine group，the levels of NO，NOS were significantly higher than the isosorbide mononitrate group
(P<0.05, P<0.01). The fact shows that Chinese medicine can increase
plasma NO and NOS. That might be one of anti-ischemia mechanism of the Chinese
medicine.
1.4. Chinese medicine is superior to verapamil
In isolated rat working heart
model, confirmed that myocardial protective effect of Chinese medicine is
superior to verapamil. The mechanism is related with the elimination of oxygen
free radicals.
2. Enhancing myocardial
contractility
CM can enhance the muscle
strength for normal or suppressed left ventricular and improve the systolic and
diastolic function without increasing myocardial oxygen consumption.
In rat pentobarbital acute
heart failure model, through measuring the dynamics of blood flow, found CM can
significantly enhance the myocardial contraction, accelerated heart rate,
increased blood pressure, improved heart functions in general.
3. The effect of bi-directional
regulation
3.1. Bi-directional
regulation of the heart rate
CM can dilate coronary artery,
increasing the blood flow of coronary, reducing the consumption of myocardial
oxygen, enhancing the bearing-ability of myocardial hypoxia, and the effect is lasting,
without the general side effects of synthetic drugs for dilating blood vessels.
More significant is that CM
can take the effect of two-way regulation of heart rate. For the patients in faster
heart rate, CM can make heart rate fall down to the normal range, for the
patients with bradycardia, CM can make the heart rate gradually to the normal
range.
3.2. Bi-directional regulation of blood pressure
CM can take the effect of
bi-directional regulation of blood pressure, anti-hypertension, reduce
pulmonary artery pressure, reduce front load of the right heart, expand the
peripheral resistance vascular, lower arterial blood pressure, improve cardiac
function. At the same time have a direct expansion effect on coronary. CM can
increase the total protein and albumin in the human body, and reduce the
urinary protein. Take the antihypertensive effect by reinforcing cardiac output
and expansion of blood vessels.
In vitro rat thoracic aorta
central perfusion model, Chinese medicine showed that diastolic effect on
vascular of endothelial. The mechanism may be that block calcium channel of
iunositol triphosphate-sensitive on the vascular smooth muscle and inhibit
calcium release.
4. Protect vascular smooth muscle tension
In animal model, Chinese
medicine can protect vascular smooth muscle tension through maintaining
contractility of α-adrenergic and diastolic of β-adrenergic.
5. Protect myocardial cells mitochondria
In recent years, the studies
found that the injury and necrosis of the myocardial cells started from the mitochondria,
then to the entire cell. The damage of the structure and function of
mitochondrial is one of the important reasons for the irreversible myocardial
injury in ischemia / reperfusion. It plays an important role in the mechanism
of myocardial injury. It has become research hotspots that protect the
myocardium by protecting the mitochondria.
Recent studies have shown that
Chinese medicine can protect mitochondria in multiaspect. Such as:
Reduce the ratio of
cholesterol / phospholipids of mitochondrial membrane, reduce the content of
the free fatty acid of myocardial cells, improve the activity Ca2 +-ATP enzyme,
and improve and regulate the mobility of mitochondrial membrane lipid.
Rat myocardial ischemia model,
reduce the content of the Mg2+ of mitochondria, increase the content of Na +,
Ca2 +, reduce the activity of Na +-K +-ATP enzyme and Ca2 +-Mg2 +-ATP enzyme,
play a role of protective effects of myocardial cells by anti-sodium calcium
overloading.
Chinese herbal compound can
increase the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase
(GSH2Px) and reduce the content of the MDA in the rat myocardial mitochondria
of acute myocardial ischemia that induced by isoproterenol. Effectively
eliminate or inhibition the damaging effects of oxygen free radicals.
In experimental myocardial
ischemia, Chinese medicine can increase the specific surface area of
mitochondria, reduce the density (%) of the mitochondria, and alleviate the
swelling of mitochondria. Therefore, it significantly reduces the myocardial
ischemic injury.
6. Coronary Heart angina pectoris
In the treatment of acute
myocardial infarction (AMI), in clinical Efficacy, Chinese medicine is
significantly better than the vasodilator agents and vascular diluents. Chinese
medicine can ease the contradiction between the myocardial aerobic and the lack
of the oxygen supply. Therefore, there are favorable factors in treatment of
angina by reducing the burden on the heart,
The patients of extensive
myocardial infarction mergers cardiogenic shock, when increasing the blood
pressure with Western medicine, in some patients, the blood pressure would drop
down and shock again after stop medication. However, Chinese medicine
decoction, drink once daily, only 2 to 3 days, blood pressure will maintain
stable in normal level, and western medicine can be removed safely.
Chinese medicine could be
applied in all kinds of angina pectoris. In particular, when unsatisfied in
Western medicine, such as, nitrate, propranolol, nifedipine and so on. Some
compound prescription of Chinese medicine can effectively control the angina
pectoris. The total effective rate could reach 94% without side effects.
Abstract Objective To observe
the therapeutic efficacy of FuFangDanShenDiWan in patients with angina
pec-toris.Methods
50 patients with angina
pectoris were divided into Chinese medicine group and isosorbide dinitrate
group. Results, The total efficacy of Chinese medicine group in improving of
angina pectoris amounted to 94%，that the improving of ECG amounted to 72%，the improving time（minutes）of holter ischemic ST-T is from 115.45±12.34 to 15.28±2.32. The therapeutic
efficacy of Chinese medicine is higher than the isosorbide dinitrate with
significant difference（P<0.05）. Therefore, Chinese medicine is useful to treat angina pectoris without
any side effect.
Chinese medicine can expand
coronary artery, reduce vascular resistance, increase coronary blood supply,
reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, enhances the tolerance capacity of
myocardial hypoxia, treatment for angina pectoris, the effect is affirmative
and durable without side effect of general vascular expansion medicine. Heart
rate too fast or too slow both can be adjusted to the normal range.
Chinese medicine can inhibit
platelet aggregation, lower blood viscosity, retard the thrombosis formation,
retard the thrombin effect, promote the fibrin degradation, enhance vivo
fibrinolytic activity, increase deformation capacity of the red blood cell,
reduce the red blood cells breaking down, and improve hemorheology. In
treatment of angina pectoris, the clinical symptoms and angina degree were
improved. Electrocardiogram showed good result.
Compared with the isosorbide
dinitrate, in treating angina pectoris, for improving patients’ hemorheology,
the Chinese medicine is significantly efficient (P<0.05) than that of
isosorbide dinitrate. The improvement on hemorheology may be the one of the
mechanisms of Chinese medicine’s treating angina pectoris and may be the one of
very important advantages of Chinese medicine.
Clinical practice shows that
with the extension of time, the advantages of treating angina pectoris by
Chinese medicine are more obvious.
Through testing blood, urine,
feces conventional, liver function, kidney function, and so on, did not found
bleeding, allergic reactions, toxic side effects, and other complications.
By a clinical trial compared
the therapeutic effect between Chinese medicine and isosorbide dinitrate in
treatment of angina pectoris. After the first four weeks, the rate of symptoms
remission and the rate of myocardial ischemia improvement in electrocardiogram
are both no significant difference (P>0.05). However, the hemorheology
indexes improved significantly (P<0.05) in the group of Chinese medicine.
After 12 weeks, the rate of symptoms remission of angina and the rate of
myocardial ischemic improvement in electrocardiogram are difference
significantly (P<0.05). The difference of hemorheology indexes is
significant (p<0.01), too. Chinese medicine showed significant therapeutic
effect than that of isosorbide dinitrate.
Patients with coronary heart
disease, the ability of coronary systolic and diastolic are weakened. The
ability of vascular expansion by isosorbide dinitrate is limited. With the
extension of medication, it is easily to generate the drug resistance and drug
side effects. The effect of its expanding the vascular is diminished, and the
therapeutic effect of isosorbide dinitrate is declined. However, Chinese
medicine is no drug resistance, no adverse reactions with the therapeutic
effect of stable anticoagulant, depolymerization, expand the vascular, and
improve the microcirculation, and so on.
Treat angina pectoris by
Chinese medicine, the improvement of the hemorheology indexes is particularly
prominent, the effect of relieve the ill symptoms is gradually increased
markedly. Therefore, for long-term medication of angina pectoris, Chinese
medicine can be used as a safe and effective drugs. In particular, for those
patients who suffering from migraine or sensitive to isosorbide dinitrate that
easily produce serious side effects, Chinese medicine is more applicable.
In anesthetized dog’s model,
Chinese medicine decrease the vascular resistance and enable a marked increase
in coronary blood flow by injecting through coronary artery and intravenous.
When intravenous administration, the blood flow of carotid and femoral artery
also increased, but not increased significant then that of coronary blood flow.
Chinese medicine can confront
against coronary artery spasm caused by pituitrin. After giving reserpine, the
effect on the coronary circulation is still remain. The result showed that the
generation of such a effect is from relaxing of vascular smooth muscle.
ection of Chinese medicine,the
heart rate slow down, total peripheral resistance reduced, no significant
change in cardiac output, left ventricular workload is slightly reduced, the
myocardial oxygen consumption decreased, myocardial efficiency increased.
These roles could be
beneficial to the adjustment of myocardial on oxygen supply and demand balance.
In narcotic dogs with acute
myocardial infarction by ligating the anterior descending coronary artery,
intravenous injection of Chinese medicine, the blood pressure decreased
significantly, the heart rate slow down, the blood return flow of infarct zone
decreased slightly, arterial oxygen is no significant change. And the venous
oxygen in coronary sinus and infarct zone has significantly increased. There
was significant decreased in oxygen utilization, oxygen consumption and the
lactic acid content in the normal and infarct zone, but the lactic acid
utilization was significantly increased. These results show that Chinese
medicine has a good impact on the metabolism of the myocardial infarction.
The death of myocardial cell
is the most serious injury form in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, including
cell necrosis and apoptosis. The occurrence of apoptosis is affected by a
number of the regulation of gene expression. The intervention of Chinese
medicine can significantly lower the fas-apoptotic protein expression, and
mildly increase apoptosis inhibitory protein Bcl-2 expression. The facts show
that Chinese medicine have a certain influence on protein expression of cells
apoptosis related Genes.
9. Improve the micro vascular circulation
Anesthetized Dogs, Chinese
medicine injects through carotid artery. The Cerebral blood flow is quickly and
significantly increased. The cerebral vascular resistance decreased.
Hypertension patients with
atherosclerosis, intramuscular injection of Chinese medicine, the cerebral
vascular resistance reduced. The time of blood flows into the brain shortened.
The amplitude and fast flow paragraph increased, the waveform improved, the
effect was mild. It was not a one-way expansion of blood vessels and increase
the blood flow, but the low amplitude waves increased and high amplitude waves
lowered, make the abnormal wave tends to normal.
Examined with Laser Doppler
Flow Detector, showed that Chinese medicine have obvious improvement effect, no
matter microcirculation in normal rat or microcirculation obstacles caused by
local dropwise of norepinephrine.
Chinese medicine can improve
the microcirculation obstacles of mice caused by isoproterenol. The crown
diameter of pre-capillary small arteries increased, blood flow accelerated. The
effect was superior to poppy base.
Patients with sudden deafness,
Chinese medicine injection, the listening ability improved. At the same time,
the nailfold microcirculation also been improved. It was the most obvious in
the improvement of the flow velocity and vascular morphology.
120 patients of angina
pectoris, observed the reaction before and after of medication of Chinese
medicine, with the Bulbar Conjunctival Microcirculation and the
thromboelastography. After administration, the diameter of tiny arteries
widened. The diameter of micro-vein narrowed. The blood flow velocity and
volume in micro-artery clearly increased.
10. Comparison of Chinese medicine and nitroglycerin
After sublingual 1-2 minutes,
the Nitroglycerin will take effect, and the angina can be alleviated. The
effect of the duration is usually 10-30 minutes.
The side effect including,
headache, Vertigo, dizziness, weakness, palpitation, postural hypotension,
hypotensive effect, syncope, flushing, drug rash, and exfoliative dermatitis.
Cause nitroglycerin tolerance
and difficult to stop medication after large dose use for long-term.
Isosorbide dinitrate, a
long-acting nitrates drugs for antianginal, have similar effect with
nitroglycerin but the durability is more than four hours. Take effect in 2 ~ 3
minutes sublingually. Take effect after
30 minutes in orally. The side effect includes headaches, flushing, dizziness,
palpitations, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and rash.
A sublingual pill that made of
pure Chinese medicine, clinical trial in 513 patients，It can take the effect in one minutes. The majority
of patients take effect in 2 ~ 10 minutes. The durable efficacy can maintain 4
~ 12 hours or more. The significant efficiency reached 62.9%. The total
effective rate was 96.1%. The ischemic ECG was significantly improved in 57
cases.
Studies have shown that blood
concentration stable after taking the pills, the durable efficacy is 5 ~ 6
hours in average, the maximum is 12 hours,
The durable efficacy of blood
pharmacokinetics is op to 8 ~ 9 hours. A retrieval of the pills’ application
reports for recent years, in total 1220 statistical cases of angina pectoris.
Marked effective is 725 cases, 406 cases is effective. The total effective rate
is 92.7%. The total effective rate of ECG was 60.4%.
Comparative Study of Chinese
medicine and nitroglycerin for angina pectoris
217 patients with angina
pectoris, were random divided into two group. 102 in treatment group with
intravenous Chinese medicine therapy,115 in control group with intravenous
nitroglycerin therapy. 2 groups were 10 days of treatment.
Results: treatment group, the
blood pressure decreased, the heart rate decreased, and the myocardial oxygen
consumption is significantly reduced (P <0.05). Control group, the blood
pressure decreased significantly (P <0.05), the heart rate increased, the
myocardial oxygen consumption increased. Therefore, the therapeutic effect is
significant for treatment of angina with Chinese medicine. It can slow down the
heart rate, lower the blood pressure, and reduce the myocardial oxygen
consumption.
Clinic research of TongMai
granules on angina pectoris
The studies found that the
effect on heart hemodynamics was totally different between the Chinese medicine
and nitroglycerin. Although they both can lower the capillary pressure and mean
pulmonary arterial pressure, however, the nitroglycerin take effect rapidly and
not lasting. Initially, accompanied ith the reduction of CO and CI and then
increased. After 45 min of sublingual nitroglycerin, the capillary wedge
pressure and the mean pressure of vein and arterial were returned to the level
before administration.
Chinese medicine came into
effect at 15 min after administration, and reached the peak at 45 min. The CO
and CI increased from start time without lower phase. Chinese medicine can
improve the heart diastolic function in experimental myocardial ischemia. Lower
the elevated left ventricular diastolic pressure.
Chinese medicine preparations
were extracted active ingredient from natural herbs in mixed composition. It is
unlike the Western medicine in single composition, such as nitroglycerin,
isosorbide dinitrate, long-term use will surely produce some of drug tolerance.
There were large number of clinical reports, showed that the efficacy of
isosorbide dinitrate take the first decline in four weeks of use and start drug
resistance,
However, after long time
clinical application, Chinese medicine was never found drug resistance.
Moreover, with the time of use lasting longer, the condition of patients
continuously improved, such as, the cardiac function, hemorheology, etc. The
therapeutic effects are also on the rise. Medication in Chinese medicine, in
first week, the ECG is markedly improved, after 6 weeks, the effect is more
obvious. Never produce drug resistance. Therefore, it could be long term use.
In animal ischemia-reperfusion
model, Chinese medicine can reduce the degree of myocardial ischemia of
ischemia-reperfusion injury. Reduce the scope of myocardial infarction. Reduce
the spillover of LDH, CPK from the cell body. Reduce the MDA content in
ischemic myocardial tissue. Enhance the vitality of SOD. Protect myocardial
cells by reducing the poisoning effect of free radical.
11. Narrow after operation of coronary artery dilatation
There is still a higher risk
that would be restenosis again after operation of coronary artery dilatation
years later. In order to avoid the occurrence of coronary restenosis, besides
the monitoring the stenosis of coronary artery, better pre-preventively control
the OxLDL level in blood circulation. Chinese medicine in this area shows a
good application prospects.
The low density lipoprotein
(LDL) lipid peroxidation to form oxidized low density lipoprotein (OX-LDL) is
the one of the important link, in the process of occurrence of coronary heart
disease caused by atherosclerosis.
In China, researchers have
screened the great many herbs with anti-oxidant effects by 96 Cu2 + LDL
oxidation in vitro, and got many useful results.
Some herbs’ ether extract
possess antioxidant effect by inhibiting the formation of conjugated diene.
Some water-soluble antioxidants can protect blood LDL oxidation by prevent the
loss of lipophilicity Vitamin E. And the LDL in the vascular lower endothelial
is depend on the effect of residual lipid antioxidants. Those compounds will be
the important source for developing the drugs that can combat with
atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
As a atherosclerotic disease,
Coronary Heart Disease is very difficult to cure according to modern western
medicine. Nevertheless, a large number of clinical practices have proved that
Chinese medicine can completely cure coronary artery disease. Mainly because of
Chinese medicine can adjust the balance between the human body functions, and
restore the self-repair capacity in human body for the pathological changes.
The basic pathology of
coronary heart disease is because blood vessels were narrowed or blocked caused
by cholesterol deposition in the vessel walls, and other factors. The
morbidities are on frailer elder who bodily functions have declined. However,
such pathological changes are rare happened on young. This is because those
young bodily functions are exuberant. They possess a stronger capacity on
restoring the balance of the bodily functions and the pathological changes.
Chinese Medicine, is from
nature, possesses the amazing capacity to regulate the balance of bodily
functions, and effectively restore the capacity for repairing the lesion by
human body itself. Make elder return back to youth not only in looks also in
bodily functions. In the treatment of coronary heart disease is not only quick
and thorough also no relapse.
Chinese Herbal Medicine
provides a more effective and safe options in the control and prevention of
coronary heart disease, and shows the enormous potential value.
Now, the researches on Chinese
medicine have become hotspots of concern. Such as extracts, molecular biology,
pharmacology, antioxidant therapy, and their application on
anti-arteriosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease.
By ligation of rat left
anterior descending coronary artery, 30 min occlusion and reperfusion 120 min,
made myocardial ischemia - reperfusion model.
Chinese medicine can mitigate
the left ventricular pressure and the largest velocity of increase or decrease.
The amplitude decreased, too. There are more obvious protective effect on the
myocardial ischemia and the damage of cardiac function. The mechanism as
follow:
1. Increasing the content of
myocardial cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
2. Inhibiting Na+-K+-ATPase
activity of the myocardial cell membrane.
3. Inhibiting the generation
of free radical.
4. Scavenging oxygen free
radicals.
Determination by Laser Doppler
Microcirculation Flow Detector, confirmed that Chinese medicine intravenous
injection took the effect of increasing dog mesenteric blood microcirculation.
Ditto above method, further
confirmed that Chinese medicine can not only increase the blood flow for
patients and animals with coronary heart disease, but can also increase the
2,3-DPG content in whole blood and red blood cells. The partial pressure of
oxygen and saturation of blood oxygen was markedly improved. However, no
significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate and vascular diameter.
Compared with popular
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors "Ramipril", Chinese medicine
possesses equally effect in reduce the scope of myocardial infarction. However,
Chinese medicine is more effective in reducing the oxidative stress, and there
are many other advantages:
1. Inhibiting the activity of
the thromboxane synthetase, thereby inhibiting the aggregation and release of
platelet, make the aggregated platelet depolymerization, anti-thrombosis and
help-thrombolysis, reduce the blood viscosity, make telangiectasia of arteriole
and venule, increase the number of small blood vessels in open, and accelerate
the blood flow. Thereby improve the microcirculation.
2. Significantly improve the
erythrocyte deformability of patients with coronary artery disease. In
microcirculation, make red blood cells freely pass the micro-vascular that
diameter is smaller than itself to ensure the normal metabolism. Enhance the
ability of scavenging free radical and resist the lipoperoxides injury.
3. Significantly reduce the
level of serum cholesterol and triglyceride, increase the level of high density
lipoprotein. Reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein
Enhance the solubility of
fibrin. Improve the hemorrheology parameters. Significantly resist the
formation of atherosclerosis.
4. Experiment shown antagonism
for artery contraction induced by noradrenaline, potassium chloride, histamine,
acetylcholine, and 5-HT. Resist the cramps of vascular smooth muscle.
5. Significantly resist ECG
changes in rat heart ischemic that caused by pituitrin.
The plasma medicine concentration
changes between the patients and healthy volunteers
10 patients with coronary
heart disease, 10 healthy volunteers, under the same conditions, same dose
sublingually, experiment the blood drug content changes at different time
points after taking Chinese medicine. The results: in the patients group, the
vivo plasma medicine concentration is significantly higher than that of healthy
volunteers at all the time points.
Chinese medicine treatment of
bradyarrhythmia
64 cases of sick sinus syndrome,
34 in treatment group, treated by intravenous injection 0.9% sodium chloride
+10% glucose injection 250 mL + Chinese medicine 40 ml daily. 30 in control
group, treated with atropine 0.6 mg 3 times a day orally. After 2 weeks
treatment, the total effective rate is 85.3% in treatment group and is 53.3% in
control group. There were statistically significant differences between 2
groups (P <0.01).
34 cases of sick sinus
syndrome, 24 in treatment group, 1 times daily by intravenous drip of 5%
glucose plus Chinese medicine and 10 in control group, 1 times daily by
intravenous drip of 5% glucose 200 mL plus atropine 1 mg. The treatment
continued for 15 days in both groups. For treatment group, the total instant
effective rate and the total short-term effective rate are both significantly
higher than that of control group (P <0.01). The results have shown that
Chinese medicine can improve clinical symptoms for majority of patients of sick
sinus syndrome, increase heart rate without any side effects.
Clinical Research of Chinese
medicine in anti-reperfusion arrhythmias
For prevention and treatment
of reperfusion arrhythmias, Chinese researchers have developed great many
effective and safe drugs in natural Chinese medicine experimentally and
clinically.
84 elderly patients of
reperfusion arrhythmia in acute myocardial infarction, 45 in treatment group,
39 in control group. On the basis of conventional Western medicine treatment,
the treatment group were given Chinese medicine for 4 weeks.
Compared with control group,
in the treatment group, 35 patients were obviously low in incidence rate of
many symptoms. Such as: (1) the reperfusion arrhythmia, (2) the speed up of
idioventricular rhythm, (3) the ventricular premature beats in lown Ⅱ level or above, (4) the ventricular tachycardia and (5) the ventricular fibrillation, with the
significant difference (P<0.05). The results indicated that Chinese medicine
can reduce the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmia. In particular prevent the
malignant arrhythmia attack. Thus, further reduce the mortality rate caused by
vicious arrhythmia.
54 patients with acute
myocardial infarction, were randomly divided into treatment group and control
group, both given conventional thrombolytic treatment. At the same time, the
treatment group added Chinese medicine. The results showed that the treatment
group was significantly better than the control group (P <0.05).
Rat myocardial ischemia
reperfusion model, ischemia 40min, reperfusion 30min, and treated by Chinese
medicine. The result showed that Chinese medicine can significantly reduce the
incidence of premature ventricular contractions and ventricular tachycardia.
Decrease the incidence of ventricular fibrillation. Increase sinus recovery rate.
Rat ischemia-reperfusion
arrhythmias model, treated by Chinese medicine, found that Chinese medicine can
increase the NO content of the heart blood; the incidence of arrhythmia was
reduced when the NO content increased. The NO content and the incidence of
arrhythmia was a negative correlation. The fact showed that Chinese medicine
can prevent the reperfusion arrhythmias through increasing NO content in blood.
In rat’s ischemia-reperfusion
arrhythmias model, Chinese medicine can prevent the occurrence of ventricular
arrhythmia, shorten the duration time of the arrhythmia, and reduce the extent
of ST-segment elevation.
In rat’s ischemia-reperfusion
arrhythmias model, established by coronary artery ligation. Before 10 minutes
of ligation, intravenously injected 0.2ml saline for control group and
intravenously injected 18g Chinese medicine / kg body weight for treatment
group. Reperfusion after 6mins of coronary artery ligation, in control group,
all animals occur ventricular arrhythmias, including premature ventricular
contractions, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.
Compared with control group,
the treatment group, there are large differences in the incidence of premature
ventricular contractions and ventricular fibrillation. There are large
differences in animal mortality and sinus rhythm recovery time, too.
In vivo, rat’s
ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias model, established by coronary artery ligation
and release of ligation. By measuring the MDA content in myocardial tissue,
serum CK activity, records the incidence rates of arrhythmia within 30min in
each group and the changes of ST segment when the 15min and 60min after
reperfusion.
The results showed that
Chinese medicine can significantly reduce the release of CK and myocardial
cells enzymes, reduce the extent of myocardial cells injury, and reduce the
generation of MDA.
In rat’s myocardial ischemia -
reperfusion arrhythmia model established by coronary artery ligation, found
that the generation of the high-energy phosphate substances was in serious
short. The myocardial ATP level reduced 60% than the normal level. The
adenylate pool (TAN) level only reached 48% of the normal group. There were decrease
in different degree in vitality of Na +, K+-ATP enzyme, Mg2 +-ATP enzyme, Ca2
+-ATP enzyme. However, in treatment group of Chinese medicine, the myocardial
ATP, TAN level and energy load (EC) were all significantly higher than the
control group. The results suggest that Chinese medicine can protect the
myocardial ischemia - reperfusion arrhythmias through slow down the
decomposition of the energy substances and improve myocardial aerobic
metabolism.
12. Protective effect on endothelial cells
In atherosclerosis (AS) rabbit
model, Chinese medicine can lower the serum cholesterol and triglyceride;
reduce the damage of MDA for myocardial cells and endothelial cells. Reduce the
blood viscosity and fiber protein content, decrease the serum TXB2 of AS
rabbit, increase the value of 6–keto-PGFla, and resume their balance from
disorders. Chinese medicine can increase the rabbits’ serum testosterone and
regulate the level of sex hormones. This is benefit to the clearance of
endogenous lipid by HDL. Confirmed that have a better therapeutic effect for AS
rabbits.
13.. Chinese medicine can neutralize the endotoxin
and reduce it’s impair on microcirculation
Endotoxins are a structural
component in the bacteria which is released mainly when bacteria are lysed.
Antimicrobial can kill bacteria, but can not counteract the endotoxin generated
from the dissolution of bacteria. The bacteria were killed more, the endotoxin
also generated more.
Studies suggest that endotoxin
impact on microcirculation from multi – aspect. Small doses of endotoxin can
cause fever (Pyrogen reaction). Larger dose of endotoxin can cause
vasoconstriction firstly and then vasodilatation. It can damage the endothelial
cells of blood vessels and induce microcirculatory disturbance. Cause
insufficiency of blood supply, lower the blood pressure. In severe cases, it
may cause endotoxin shock. Also causes diffuse intravascular coagulation and
inflammation. Cause platelet aggregation, activate clotting factor. Eventually
cause fibrin deposition, hemorrhage and necrosis. This can cause multiple organ
dysfunction syndrome.
The advantage of Chinese
medicine as antimicrobial is not only can protect the vascular endothelial cells
also can counteract the bacterial toxins.
13. 1. Counteract the
hemolysis caused by endotoxin. Increase the survival rates of livestock death
caused by endotoxin.
13. 2. Promote reducing the
mice endotoxemia.
13. 3. Significantly reduce
the detection rate of rabbit diffuse vascular coagulation in glomerular
microvascular caused by endotoxin. Reduce the density of the microthrombus.
13. 4. Counteract the exotoxin
of diphtheria bacilli.
Impact on virus infected
myocardial cells
The studies found that Chinese
medicine can increase the survival rates of mice in viral myocarditis. Reduce
the collagen synthesis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, safe and effective.
The anti-apoptotic effect
plays an important role in to retard or reverse myocardial fibrosis in viral
myocarditis.
Chinese medicine can increase
the mRNA expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump in viral infected
myocardial cells, and enhance the vitality in sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium
pump.
Promote the survival rate, the
differentiation and the proliferation for transplanted cell in myocardial
muscle
Treating coronary heart
disease by bone marrow stem cell transplantation, which implanted stem cells
are not only to differentiate into myocardial cells, also differentiate into
smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells. In infarct border zone
formed a newborn tissue strip. It greatly improved left ventricular function.
The big problem of cell
transplantation is the survival rate of implanted cells in myocardial muscle.
It controls the operation’s success or not.
When transplanting autologous
bone marrow mononuclear cells, treated by Chinese medicine, the survival rate,
the differentiation rate, and the proliferation rate were all increased for
implanted cells in myocardial muscle. A large number of newborn myocardial
cells and small myocardial blood vessels were generated. Therefore Chinese
medicine is conducive to the success of transplantation of cells. Such as bone
marrow cell and stem cell.
Chinese medicine integrating
with stem cell transplantation to treat coronary heart disease, complement each
other, significantly improved the efficacy and the success rate of stem cell
transplantation. It resolved the difficult problems that myocardial cells can
not regenerate after cell transplantation.
Chinese medicine integrating
with stem cells transplantation is a potential approach of treatment of
coronary Heart Disease
To promote angiogenesis to
establish the collateral circulation
The establishment of coronary
collateral circulation can reduce the myocardial ischemic necrosis, prevent and
delay the ischemic heart disease and aneurysm formation to improve the clinical
symptoms and prognosis. It includes the original collateral open and the
formation of new collateral.
Experiments confirmed that
Chinese medicine can promote the formation of coronary collateral vessel with
the effect of protecting ischemic myocardium and reducing the scope of the
infarct.
In myocardial infarction dog
model, 12 dogs randomly divided into treatment group and control group.
Intravenous injection, respectively is Chinese medicine and normal saline, a
total of 21 days treatment.
The coronary angiography
showed, in treatment group, that the collateral vessels increased
significantly, and can be seen the phenomenon of retrograde perfusion at the
remote section of the ligation vascular.
The biopsy image analysis for
myocardial tissue of treatment group, also showed that the myocardial capillary
and the density of blood vessels supplying surface markedly increased in the
ischemic area and infarct area.
Chinese medicine possesses
angiopoietin activity. In vivo it can promote Chicken chorioallantoic membrane
angiogenesis. In vitro it can promote microvascular endothelial cell
proliferation to form lumen structure.
