we tend to idealize and hold up Western democracy as the ideal democracies whereas in reality they have quite a lot of flaws is the United States a perfect democracy no it is not billionaires have huge impact in the United States it's not one person one vote it's more like $1 one one vote in the United States industrial policy and long-term planning in China is much easier than in a lot of Western countries because they don't have to go through these political
transitions that will kind of upend everything that's been done this is Dr Yin haga a political Economist from the
University of Cambridge he authored the book the future of the factory how Mega Trends are changing industrialization much of his research discusses the rise of China and its influence on global economics Western media often fails to understand the truth about China and to give you an example of what I mean look at this headline from the New York times entitled she is making the world pay for China's mistakes the article argues that China's manufacturing dominance is a problem for the world and that China's rise has distorted global trade but of course this is Far From Reality the truth is the world has benefited tremendously from China's rise most especially us consumers who imported over $480 billion worth of goods from China in 2024 alone Dr hoa's response to this article hits the mark perfectly this essay falls into the line of growing anti-china sentiments in the US trying to portray China as the Boogeyman in reality all we can blame China for is challenging US economic hemony in today's show we'll debunk the myth of China's overcapacity discuss China's role in the World Trade Organization and explain how China is on Pace to account for 45% of global industrial production by 2030 in today's episode you will learn how China became the fastest growing Auto manufa facturer and how China's renewable energy sector gives hope to the world if you truly want to understand the truth about China then this is the episode for you let's begin Professor thank you so much for joining us here on real talk it's great to be
Why is China's Economic Transformation Important?
here thank you yeah fantastic I want to start off our conversation because I I know that you you tweet a lot about
China and this is really interesting to me because you have a number of tweets that are very supportive of China's
economic transformation and as a political Economist you know why is China's transformation important to you
but also what do you think that the world misunderstands about China well I think first of all if you look at that
transformation that China has gone through in the past few decades from the perspective of someone who does
development economics is just simply remarkable going from a country that uh
was just a few decades ago quite poor and now although it's GDP per capita
isn't super high it's grown quite a lot it's quite high but China is now a leader in several glob Global Industries
they've lifted more people out of poverty than the rest of the world put together in the last 50 years leading
renewable energy manufacturing and you know I can mention a lot more things so just from the perspective of uh Economic Development and and studying studying economic development is just very remarkable yeah I I love your tweet that
China Higher Life Expectancy than USA
you that you sent out you you had even mentioned that for example China has a higher life expectancy in the you knowcompared to the United States despite its income per capita being roughly one six of the United States I thought
that's quite a amazing statistic as well yeah for sure um that's something very remarkable you know I'm not sure does
that say more about China does that say more about the health system in the United States you know having having that kind of growth in life expectancyuh despite having so such low low income says something about also how resources are efficiently allocated in China yeah it's very interesting I mean because I you know I'm from the United States we certainly have I would say we have a healthcare industry here uh not not really a Health Care System it's very much profit driven unfortunately I think the United States has one of the worst Health Care Systems it's it's just it's not for what we pay it's not the best and so I think there's certainly things we can learn from other countries another point that you put in was just how China has been you know providing
the world with affordable goods and I kind of want to transition now to you know this trade war that we're looking
The US China Trade War
at you know this is going to be uh the talk of 2025 obviously uh Donald Trump
first started this trade War back in 2018 and now here we are with Trump 2.0
we're looking at an expanded trade war from your perspective Professor tell us a little bit more about the economics
and what you're looking you know at this uh you know specifically the trade war between us and China uh one of the you
know most important traded Goods in the world is manufactured goods in theory
and in practice all manufactured goods can be traded right in China this is really an area an economic area where
China has made a huge in Rog some people call China the factory of the world right and China basically has a foot in
the production of everything all manufactured goods in the world right and they become so dominant that uh the
United States feels economically threatened by uh by China I guess it wasn't so much of a problem when China
you know was doing assembly specializing in low Tech goods and uh for the most part helping us transnational
corporations in their uh in their operations but now you're seeing China making entries into semiconductors into
artificial intelligence and also starting to erode some of this manufacturing base in the United States
uh and also the industrial centers of the United States are more severely declining so this trade war is in large
part a war about manufactured goods and the United States now trying to to solve
this trade deficit they've had for a long time and also trying to rebuild some of the capabilities uh that they've
lost in the manufacturing sector yeah that's a really that's a great point and I think interesting in Western media we
The Myth of Chinese Overcapacity
have this term called overc capacity this is a term that's been very hot over the last 12 to 18 months we hear a lot
of us politicians talk about this I want to bring up a tweet that you had sent and you know this is this is really
interesting because you know we have the Wall Street Journal here um you know talking okay China's economy is burdened
by years of excess here's how bad it really is and you know you kind of call them out on this you know you say um you
know now we are calling it overbuilding over capacity excess production I guess this is exactly what you were talking
about with the West trying to to cope with China's rise as a manufacturer yes
um you know let me start by saying a lot of my uh posts and tweets on China of
that nature is also because you see a kind of narrative building up especially in the west about China uh China being
quote unquote bad right right when the way I I I see it is that this anti-china
rhetoric that is building up is in some part simply because China is turning out to be economically challenging some
countries uh but as a whole for Global Prosperity actually China has been quite beneficial now on this issue of and the
issue of uh overc capacity and over production is an example of this right so I study Economic Development and I
know the history of Economic Development and if you study the history of Economic Development you see that countries that
have grown rapidly and succeeded in eliminating poverty within their borders they have relied on exporting a lot of
goods producing more than what is domestically needed right that's what we call Export Le
development and this is the path that China has been on and it's been termed export Le development for many years
right now suddenly we hear these other terms coming in as China increasingly becomes you know uh an economic threat
to the United States especially in the United States they call it overc capacity or over production I think the
renewable energy sector is the best example of this we clearly need more renewable energy even when all the
renewable energy devices that China is produ producing we don't have enough how
is it possible that China's production in EVs and solar panel is at over
capacity when we clearly need more of that I want to kind of simplify this as well because you know for example you
know I think overc capacity is a very basic economic uh thought here you know for example in your home country of Norway right you produce more salmon
than Norwegian could possibly eat right you have an overc capacity of salmon which is why you export it around the
world and why we find Norwegian salmon in our grocery Market in our grocery stores here in the United States right
you know Apple produces much more iPhones than than the United States could possibly consume and hence why
they export them around the world is it really as simple as that just just looking at this economic lead
development I think you're spot on I haven't studied all you know the sub sectors in details in China and it might
be possible or I might you might convince me that there is over production or over capacity in some uh
in some economic activities right but this idea that because China uh exports
products to other markets this idea that that is overc capacity is just rubbish
right this idea that China is flooding other markets with their products is a
misleading idea okay other markets other countries buy goods from China because
they get high relatively high quality Goods that are at a relatively good price both consumers and firms using
goods from China as inputs right so it's it's a lot about the words that are being used here right such as overc
capacity or flooding overseas Market with with their goods China is simply doing things pretty efficiently and
pretty cheaply and they're being very good at competition yeah absolutely great Point here I want to bring up this
Why Tariffs Will Hurt the US More Than China
one I think this is quite interesting when you just say the US China trade War explained in one chart and I think this
really highlights that when we look at you know as early if we look on the far left this is 2003 uh we could see that
the the share of global manufacturing United States was the leader you know approximately let's call it 22 23% China
just over 10% but what we've seen in the last you know two decades obviously you know China Rising very rapidly in the
United States you know still obviously manufacturing a lot but certainly having their share of a global manufacturing
decline um you know this this is you know certainly explains a lot of the US China trade War what do you think this
this Gra will continue to look like in the future are we going to continue to see China you know expanding and and and
owning more of that Global manufacturing base yes uh so I I do some work with the
UN Industrial Development organization and uh they project that China's share
of global Manufacturing in 2030 will be roughly 35% so that's 5 percentage
points higher than it is now it's hard to say you know exactly when that growth will stop but there is reason to believe
that China share of global manufacturing will continue to grow for a few years that's that's excellent I want to I want
to look at this another tweet that you sent out um you know and this is I think a very interesting part of this argument
as well is that China's share of exports going to the United States is actually uh decreasing and now we're going to go
tie this right back into Donald Trump we say that because of this further us tariffs on China will hurt the Chinese
economy less compared to Trump's first term have have we kind of seen a strategic shift away from uh China you
know as far as not sending as many Goods to the United States or have they just been expanding their other trading
partners is that really why we've seen that that chart really start to decline a little bit of both actually and if you
looked at the United States you see something uh something a bit similar I think both countries have tried to
become a little bit less dependent on each other you know and this is some a move that we've seen in the global
economy especially since the pandemic that countries are being more strategic about who they partner up with in terms
of trade um but China has so so many trading partners uh right now and uh a
lower share of their exports is going to the United States lower share of imports as well tariffs on China I'm not sure if
it's going to hurt China as much as Trump would intend for it to hurt now I don't think we've seen you know as we're
having this conversation kind of the full extent of how this is going to play out we've seen that that Trump has you
know apply tariffs and then revoke them immediately after with uh with what he's done with with uh Mexico and Canada I'm
not entirely sure how this this kind of second or third trade war with with
between the US and China will play out right now but indeed you're are correct I don't think uh China is as dependent
on the United States as an end market for their exports as they as they were during Trump's first term yeah I think
Trump is very much uh very unpredictable I don't know if anybody can really uh you know predict exactly what he's going
to do I think it's very interesting to see this development where Trump initially said we're going to put in
tariffs of 25% on America's two of America's closest allies I mean really you know putting that tariff on Canada
would have been a disaster obviously it's been paused for one month um what are your thoughts on that when you see
Tariffs on Canada and Mexico?
you know for example you know from Norway studying it you know a professor at Cambridge University studying economics I mean from from your position
you know how does how was Europe and and even yourself how are you looking at that when Donald Trump says you know we're going to be passing these tariffs
on our allies what do you think that's a really uh you know this is a really interesting topic Trump's approach to
tariffs and trade policy right right you know I want to First say that Trump kind of started this idea of increased
protectionism in his first term and Biden did continue it to some degree he did uh put tariffs on on China with Eves
um he's also put a range of export restrictions and sort of restricted Trade Practices and policies in the US
semiconductor industry but I think Trump right now as you said is he is a bit of
an unpredictable person the way I've understood Trump so far is that he uses
tariffs as a negotiating tool it's not necessarily A an economic incentive for
the United States and a lot of people have pointed out that trumps will be damaging for the United States and that
could very well be the case right but it seems like it's more of a bargaining tool that he uses when it comes to
issues like immigration and fenel right that's those have been in his issues with
Mexico and Canada to try and get them to do what he wants in terms of border control tariffs is definitely something
that Trump likes he may be unpredictable in terms of his practices and ideology
but Trump and TS seem to go hand in hand yeah he's definit I mean we've seen tariffs in the United States you know
interesting they've been increasing with every president that has that has gone by um Donald Trump did pass a record
number of tariffs during his first term I believe it was around 2,000 per year
uh you know and then I believe that actually Joe Biden increased that you know he he was also not not afraid to use the tariffs but I I like that
Insight that you shared though that it's more of a tool as opposed to really the economics of that because it would have
been a disaster for the United States in Canada obviously we're it's still not in the clear we might see what Donald Trump
does uh in you know in a few weeks time if he wants to reapply that pressure and get what he wants from Canada but I I do
China and World Trade Organization
want to shift here to the World Trade Organization I think this is really interesting because in the United States we have a lot of politicians and I would
say more on the Republican side more of the China Hawks that are very aggressive
towards China they have said that you know China joining the World Trade Organization was a massive mistake and I
I wanted to share this tweet that you sent out I think this is quite fascinating when you know you said like
we're looking at the um industrial production and how it in in the United States it basically started declining
almost exactly when China joined the World Trade Organization and you really highlight that this is the importance of
international uh trade agreements can you kind of expand upon exactly what this chart means and and what you mean
with the trade agreements yeah so I should be be a little bit more technical when it comes to this chart in
particular and be be clear that industrial production as share of the economy or manufacturing as share of the
economy in the United States started decreasing before that they kind of mve towards the service economy this chart
shows it in in kind of in nominal terms so in absolute numbers industrial production was going up until that time
but that chart I I I thought it was really interesting because you see that the growth in industrial production
absolute numbers start kind of decreasing right after China joined the World Trade Organization and you know as
we know China as a player in the international arena in international trade economically has been very
important and it was especially after China joined the World Trade Organization
that they started becoming a much bigger bigger player in international trade because that Ena them to trade much more
easily with a lot of Partners or with essentially all countries in the world because by now almost all countries in
the world are members of the World Trade Organization but I want to you know when we talk about the World Trade
Organization I want to say something important here and the United States has had a lot of control over the World
Trade Organization for many many years and sometimes defied the rules of the World Trade Organization
without consequences right and I think what the United States is especially upset seeing now is that China is taking
a page from the book of the United States and also doing things a bit on their terms right they're saying now
we're also a global superpower we can also do you know trade policy and Industrial policy in a clever way like
you can do yeah I think that's a a really good insight there and um I'm going to follow that with um you know
How China Dominates Auto Industry
looking at a specific industry I think this was a really fascinating chart and again I I love you your your Twitter I
think it's um you know a fascinating place we're going to put those links so people can follow you but you know let's just look at the car industry for
example this is this is quite a fascinating one where you know we look back in in 1998 China accounted for 1.4%
of global car production fast forward you know just over 25 years and that has increased to 38.4% I mean that is an
incredible dramatic change I mean almost going from you know basically a nobody
uh controlling 1% to now almost 40% uh you know break that down for us you know as far as China's automobile industry
and you know what that really means for for over the last you know few Decades of economic development that is
absolutely mindboggling uh that that growth and you know for for for those of
us manufacturing nerds um that is absolutely a mindboggling growth in such
a short time frame we should you know it's important to note that uh this is not visible in all markets in the world
right we don't see in the United States uh or in most countries in northern Europe we don't see 40% of cars on the
roads being Chinese Brands cor but the fact that of all the cars that are produced right now in the world 40% of
them are Chinese Brands and that's you know grown from practically nothing from 20 30 years ago that is very very
impressive and I want to highlight in particular electric vehicles because this is a market that China is really
starting to take over now and I uh I predict that you know 5 10 15 years down
the line in in most countries in the world we we'll start seeing Chinese brands in the EV uh Market that is of
course you know unless there are severe trade restrictions who knows what's going to happen in this new era of of
trade Wars between uh between countries uh but China is really surging in the
electrical electric vehicle market and especially byd you know what they're doing with electric vehicles in China is
extremely impressive oh it it really is and I mean when when you go to China I think what's so so amazing to see is the
transformation I mean I I I first went to China in 2007 and obviously at that time there was no electric vehicles it
How Chinese EVs Changed China
was all gas and there was so much pollution you know in combination with factories as well but I believe that
that has shifted so much now when I return to China every summer 50% of the cars on the roads are electric vehicles
you know that has had a substantial change to the pollution but also just the quality of of life I think in China
as well and I think like you said you know we need more electric vehicles we need a better you know renewable energy
I mean that the world needs more of that and so I think this is definitely something that we should be celebrating
you know from China that they're continue to advance this industry uh what's also interesting they've really brought Elon Musk and Tesla very much
into that ecosystem obviously Tesla you know has the gigafactory in Shanghai 55%
of every Tesla in the world is coming from Shanghai so you know even if you're you know proud American and you want to
buy American buy a Tesla it's still you know coming from China and it's still very much involved in that that that
ecosystem you know to hear you say that 50% of uh 50% of electrical vehicles in
China that's extremely impressive you know and this is also hearing this as as a development Economist you know because
we we look at these figures like GDP per capita right and we see that China is classified as still as a middle- inome
country but then you hear about the highspeed rail networks about how many electric vehicles you see on the streets
about now you you know artificial intelligence and deep seek right so in a
lot of ways China is is defying conventional wisdom in economics by you know there on the one hand there middle
income country but then on the other hand at the technological Frontier in so many ways it's it's very impressive you
know that's a good point that you brought up because I I think that that is a very fascinating statistic you know the fact that we see the income per
The Real Chinese Economy
capita it is much smaller than the United States when you technically classified it is still a developing
country but yet we we look at these industries like you said AI I mean the new deep seek tool AI tool that's now
fully open source completely changed the future of AI uh you know we see the high-speed rails we see uh I mean we
live in a society in China where there's everything's digital right everything's run through your phone there's no cash
everything's very Advanced over that is there any specific reason why that happened like how is that possible that
China is this anomaly that it's able to you know develop some of the most advanced Industries in the world despite
not having that super high income that that that economists said is necessity to to develop well I think I think maybe
you can even uh you can even answer answer that to some degree better than me having spent so much time in China
right but obviously I think CH you know we should keep in mind that China is a is a very big country right when you see
GDP per capita and say GDP per capita in China is around $14,000 something like that and then GDP
in the United States is 60 70 80,000 right if you go to a city like Shanghai
then you know that's one part of China right and obviously there's going to be a lot more wealth in Shanghai and
Shanghai will probably come across as a city uh similar to the really developed cities in North America or in northern
Europe right and other areas of China not as AF right so I think because of the size of the country we also need to
think a bit about the disparity when we think about these these numbers right that's a yeah that's a great Point
actually I think if you were to go to the Shanghai Beijing Shenzhen guango that's the big four the the uh the top
four cities I think you would see that GDP per capita be substantially higher and and certainly representative of
those Industries but I I will go ahead and answer that question as from my perspective at least is having lived in
How the Chinese Government Works
China for many years and traveling there every year I think a lot of it does come down to the economic priority you know
for the government and really the the planning and I think that you know I'm I'm certainly not here trying to say
that you know China's government is amazing we should follow their plan but I always like to observe as a you know
from the outside looking okay what how is China planning you know what are they doing um you're probably very familiar
with the fact that you know the government comes out with A Five-Year Plan uh every every five years for that for the country and I was amazed at you
know one year that one one of the bullet points was we want to increase the life expectancy of our citizens I said I
thought wow what a what an amazing plan from the government you know to to make that a national objective and how are we
going to do that we're going to reduce pollution we're going to you know improve the quality of the air for our Citizens We're you know going to put in
measures like reducing smoking in public areas to reduce secondhand smoke and work on these initiatives so I do think
that there um while China's government certainly has its own issues and problems I I do think that there is
always something to learn and I think that's something that I really want to make people help understand this is very
interesting very interesting to listen to you and listen to your insights here um you know on the planning aspect
uh someone I saw a prominent journalist recently post on on x/ Twitter that we
The Problems With US Democracy
see that industrial policy and long-term planning in China is much easier than in
a lot of Western countries because they don't have to go through these political
transitions um that will kind of upend everything that's been done right correct and obviously that was a you
know hinting at a discussion about democracy and I think I think democracy is something in itself that all
countries should strive to achieve democracy here being you know leadership that is accountable to its people and
it's formed by the people right at the same time I do think we tend to idealize
and hold up Western democracy as the ideal democracies whereas in reality they have quite a lot of flaws right
right is the United States a perfect democracy no it is not billionaires have
huge impact in the United States it's not one person one vote it's more like $1 one one vote in the United States
China is obviously not a democracy so but you know to say that China should go
to where you know Germany is or Norway is or where the United States is in terms of democracy that is also the the
wrong approach I think I I completely agree with you and that's that's more on the the topics that I like to focus on
Why China is so Different
and one thing I always say is the world is too unique and too diverse for only one form of government to exist and I
think also you know highlight on that point you mentioned with the scale of China it's very hard to imagine what 1.4
billion people look like you know that's four United States uh together in one place and in addition to that you have a
country like China that is very diverse you know in my home country of the United States you can go everywhere and
speak English uh in China there's over 300 different dialects you know you start traveling around China you will
find people that don't actually speak Mandarin because they speak their local language and there's it's so unique and
it's so diverse I I almost I always equate traveling through China is almost like going to another continent because
it's it it has this whole ecosystem it's very unique and there's just so many different cultural elements within China
alone and I think that's you're you're not going to experience that or really have any knowledge of that until you go
to China and really learn about that you know for example we have a very simplistic mindset you know that's China
they speak Chinese it's a lot more it's a lot more complex than that so I I do think that they're going to have to have a different form of government one that
is suitable um certainly some accountability you know for the people but also to understand just how diverse
the people are how diverse the regions are and the different needs and and wants of the people as well it's again a
very interesting thing to be an American observing how that country functions and how do you take care of 1.4 billion
people I I completely agree with you and this is maybe something to keep in mind for those who listen to your uh who
subscribe to your YouTube channel for those who are you know in in the west and in in Europe or in North America
that and haven't necessarily travel that much that some places in the world even within countries are extremely diverse
in terms of dialects food languages culture right you mentioned China you're very familiar with China uh in in many
ways India right you have different languages in each region in India that's a place I traveled a few times and a lot
of people mistakenly think that English is the first language of many people from India that's not the case first
they speak the dialect or the language the language of the the region and then uh Hindi right which is the official
language of the country and then English as the third language right and many people most people if you go to the
countryes side won't speak English so this this kind of I think you know for those of us in a in a bubble in North
America or Europe we sometimes tend to forget about this enormous within country diversity in other countries in
the world no that's very good I I I love these insights I love our conversation today uh Professor I want to I got one
China's Tech Ecosystem
final tweet I I do want to share I think this is a really fascinating one um you know where just talks about uh this
chart of China's tech Industrial uh ecosystems and and this is interesting from the economic perspective most of us
economists don't understand that clusters of technological capabilities cut across our categories of sectors and
industries and and this chart really does show quite a lot about China I think when you start looking at how many
Industries are crossing over um you know again we we always thought of China as this um you know place where you
manufacture cheap Goods you know that was certainly the The Stereotype for many years you know certainly when I was growing up but I think now what this
chart really shows is you know how vast the manufacturing is and just how advanced it's become hasn't it it's
really become this you know now a place to manufacture the most advanced things like you know for example an iPhone or
something like that first when you showed that that post I need to shout out uh Kyle Chan Who U who made that
chart uh so Kyle is a is a friend and also an academic at Princeton University
and he knows a lot lot about industrial policy in China so do follow him on Twitter and follow his substack where
that chart was from I was a researcher in the engineering department at Cambridge for a few years actually at a
place called The Institute for manufacturing as an economist and because I study things like industrial
policy and Manufacturing from an economic perspective and these engine a lot of the engineers were puzzled that a lot of us economists have this distinct
categories between manufacturing and services for example because for them a lot of it entered twin and for then they
will see technological clusters going across you know different sectors uh of
the economy right so it's not necessarily about the you know the car industry but you know more about from a
technological perspective the battery industry and the companies and the technologies that are involved in that
and that again Fizzles into a range of So-Cal industries that or at least Industries as economists classify as
Industries so you know I thought that chart by Kyle from a company perspective captur really well you know a bit of the
messiness of how technological development happens and that technological clusters aren't very easy
to identify at least not as easy as most economists would have no that's a fantastic uh fantastic insight and thank
you so much for uh you know sharing your perspective I think it's it's great as um certainly an economist and someone
that that studies this and thank you for your work that you're doing and I also want to talk about your book though
we're going to end on this one last question is is you've authored a book called the future of the fact how Mega Trends are changing industrialization
The Future of the Factory
tell us a little bit more about the book that you've published and you know what our viewers could expect uh from reading
that book yeah so this book basically goes through transformations in the global economy that are impacting uh the
the world of manufacturing from a from an economic perspective and also industrialization trajectories and
Industrial policy um so these these Mega Trends I talk about the rise of services I talk about automation I talk about the
globalization production and I talk about ecological breakdown uh and on the one hand I highlight you know one of the
key highlights here of the book is that manufacturing continues to be really an integral part of economic growth uh and
development and it will continue to be so and if we needed any sort of reminder of this what we're seeing between China
and the United States is is is proof here and you know this happened after I wrote the book um but we we're seeing
this play out year by year another important message of the book is that when it comes to figuring out which
countries are going to be able to industrialize or not industrialize uh we need to look at Power Dynamics in in the
world economy you know when we look at these Global value chains uh in manufacturing we see that developing
countries occupy a relatively small share of value with with what they do so
I I think a key challenge here you know is to figure out a way uh for those of
us who care about International Development how developing countries can industrialize how we can construct
Global govern governance systems to allow developing countries to more actively embark on Industrial policy and
this is also part of the reason why you know a lot of my posts have been supportive of China because you're
seeing a developing country here you know really successfully doing this yeah and and building up you know a a huge
economy that benefits a lot of its people yeah fantastic I I do have one final question though I I'd ask this to
Leader in Renewable Energy
all my guests uh what is one thing that you want the world to know about China One thing that I'd like for the world to
know about China well one fact that I think is important for everyone right
now to know about China is they are the global leader in renewable energy
manufacturing if you look at solar panels uh if you look at windmills if
you look at lithium batteries um China is the leader right now we need to
urgently deal with the climate crisis and we should applaud China's efforts in
renewable energy energy manufacturing to get us there of course China has you
know they they can do things more efficiently with respect to their own energy production but China is is really
showing us the way in renewable energy manufacturing everyone thank you for spending time with me here on YouTube
Conclusion
I'm so honored to have the chance to interview worldclass guests like Dr yosin haga and help share his positive
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subscribe subbe to my geopolitics newsletter I'll drop the link to both of those in the description down below
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