Wilhelmina Kalt 在加拿大农业及农业食品部及其他机构任职期间的研究成果
https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Wilhelmina-Kalt-2121852269
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发表文章 (3)
鱼油、蓝莓及联合补充剂对主观认知障碍老年人的认知反应
全文可于 2017 年 12 月获取
《衰老神经生物学》，Robert K Mcnamara、Wilhelmina Kalt、Marcelle D. Shidler、Robert Krikorian
鉴于有证据表明二十碳五烯酸 (EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 和富含花青素的蓝莓具有神经认知益处，我们研究了长期补充这些物质对有认知障碍的老年人的影响。在一项为期 24 周的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验中，老年男性和女性每日服用鱼油 (FO)、蓝莓 (BB) 或两者兼有。饮食记录证实，参与者按照处方减少了 EPA、DHA 和花青素的摄入量。FO 组的红细胞 EPA + DHA 含量增加 (p = 0.0001)。补充后各组尿液中总花青素水平无显著差异，但糖苷和天然（食物来源）形式的花青素仅在补充BB的组中升高。FO组（p = 0.03）和BB组（p = 0.05）的认知症状均有所减轻，且BB组的记忆辨别能力有所提高（p = 0.04），表明补充BB可改善认知功能。BB组的认知获益与尿液中反映近期BB摄入的花青素水平相关，但与花青素代谢物无关。然而，FO+BB联合治疗并未如预期那样增强认知功能。
人体花青素生物利用度：摄入时间和剂量的影响
文章发表于2017年11月
Wilhelmina Kalt、Jane E. Mcdonald、Melinda Vinqvist-Tymchuk、Sherry A E Fillmore
体外和动物实验证据支持花青素在人类健康中发挥作用，但浆果健康益处的未来发展将取决于临床干预试验的证据。由于人们对花青素在人体长期摄入过程中的行为知之甚少，因此本研究考察了几个临床设计因素。我们采用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）分析了17名每日饮用蓝莓汁的志愿者的尿液，检测了预测的花青素类黄酮衍生物，并比较了5天无花青素导入期、28天蓝莓汁摄入期、7天洗脱期以及两种不同剂量方案的影响。结果显示，17名受试者尿液中的总花青素含量和母体花青素含量差异高达10倍。 24 小时至 0 小时总花青素排泄量较高与花青素滞留量较高（即蓝莓汁摄入前 0 小时）相关。长达 7 天的洗脱期前后，总花青素排泄量无显著差异，表明花青素释放缓慢。在为期 36 天的研究中，尿花青素排泄量呈下降趋势。与每日三次、每次三分之一剂量服用相比，一次性服用每日蓝莓汁可提高 24 小时至 0 小时总花青素排泄量，但对花青素原体化合物的排泄量无显著影响。然而，一次性服用蓝莓汁可更好地保留花青素原体化合物（0 小时浓度更高）。这些发现有助于设计花青素与健康相关的临床研究。
蓝莓花青素摄入期间人体尿液中类黄酮代谢物的变化
文章发表于2017年2月《农业与食品化学杂志》
作者：Wilhelmina Kalt、Jane E. McDonald、Yan Liu、Sherry A E Fillmore
花青素（Anc）和其他类黄酮对人体健康的益处已得到广泛认可。然而，摄入花青素后体内产生的类黄酮类尿代谢物尚未得到充分描述。本研究收集了17名受试者在连续28天每日饮用蓝莓汁（BJ）期间的尿液样本，并在7天洗脱期后再次收集尿液样本。对664份尿液样本进行MS/MS扫描，检测18种母体花青素（PAnc）和42种预测的花青素代谢物（AncM），共鉴定出371种产物（即MS/MS × 保留时间（RT））。类黄酮类代谢物AncM的丰度可能被低估，其丰度几乎是PAnc的20倍。 PAnc 和 AncM 合计约占每日 Anc 摄入量的 1%。苷元形式占总量的 94% 以上。对 371 种 Anc 进行聚类分析，鉴定出约 55 种主要 Anc，它们贡献了约 80% 的总 Anc。胃肠道中丰富的类黄酮 Anc 衍生物可能有助于富含 Anc 的浆果的健康益处。
Wilhelmina Kalt’s research while affiliated with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and other places
https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Wilhelmina-Kalt-2121852269
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Neurobiology of Aging, Robert K Mcnamara, Wilhelmina Kalt , Marcelle D. Shidler, Robert Krikorian
Given evidence that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and anthocyanin-rich blueberries provide neurocognitive benefit, we investigated long-term supplementation in older adults with cognitive complaints. In a 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, elderly men and women received daily fish oil (FO) or blueberry (BB) or both. Diet records confirmed that participants reduced background consumption of EPA, DHA, and anthocyanins as prescribed. Erythrocyte EPA + DHA composition increased in the FO groups (p = 0.0001). Total urinary anthocyanins did not differ between the groups after supplementation but glycoside and native (food) forms increased only in the BB-supplemented groups. The FO (p = 0.03) and BB (p = 0.05) groups reported fewer cognitive symptoms, and the BB group showed improved memory discrimination (p = 0.04), indicating that supplementation improved cognition. Cognitive benefit in the BB group was associated with the presence of urinary anthocyanins reflecting recent BB intake but not with anthocyanin metabolites. However, combined FO + BB treatment was not associated with cognitive enhancement as expected.
While in vitro and animal evidence supports a role for anthocyanins in human health, future opportunities in berry health benefits will rest upon evidence from clinical intervention trials. Because little is known about the behaviour of anthocyanins during long term intake in humans, several clinical design factors were examined. Urine from volunteers (n = 17) who consumed blueberry juice daily was analysed using LC-MS/MS for predicted flavonoid-based products of anthocyanins in relation to a 5-day anthocyanin-free run-in, 28 days of blueberry juice intake, a 7-day washout and two dosing regimens. Total and parent anthocyanin content in urine varied 10-fold among the 17 participants. A high 24–0 h total anthocyanin excretion was associated with high anthocyanin retention (i.e. 0 h, before blueberry juice intake). Total anthocyanin excretion was not different before and after up to 7 days of washout indicative of a slow release of anthocyanins. Urinary excretion of anthocyanins declined during the 36-day study. The 24–0 h excretion was greater for total anthocyanins but not for parent anthocyanins when daily blueberry juice was taken all at once rather than as ⅓ doses taken thrice daily. However parent anthocyanins were retained better (higher 0 h) with 1× dosing. These findings could aid in the design of clinical research on anthocyanins and health.
Article February 2017 Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry The human health benefits of anthocyanins (Anc) and other flavonoids are widely recognized. However the flavonoid-based urinary metabolites arising in vivo after Anc intake are not well described. Human (n=17) urine was collected while blueberry juice (BJ) was consumed daily for 28 d and once after a 7 d washout. MS/MS scanning of 664 urine samples for 18 parent Anc (PAnc) and 42 predicted Anc metabolites (AncM) yielded 371 products (i.e. MS/MS x retention time (RT)). Flavonoid-based AncM, which were likely underestimated, were almost 20-times more abundant than PAnc. Together PAnc and AncM accounted for about 1% of the daily Anc dose. Aglycone forms were > 94% of the total. Cluster analysis of the 371 Anc identified about 55 major Anc that contributed about 80% to the total Anc. The abundance of flavonoid-based Anc-derived products in the gastrointestinal tract could contribute to the health benefits of Anc-rich berries.
