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中国上海传染病专家 张文宏 助病毒杀人

已有 2 次阅读2026-9-6 18:40 |个人分类:medicine

中国上海传染病专家 张文宏 助病毒杀人

已有 8 次阅读2021-3-13 04:13 |个人分类:Frank's Writings

   中国上海传染病专家 张文宏 助病毒杀人

     风萧萧 2021年3月12日 于加拿大滑铁卢市

   张文宏信口开河,说薰醋不是对新冠病毒感染有效消除方法,可是,日本和意大利研究表明这是错误的。他们研究证明5%浓度的醋能杀灭新冠状病毒。

   事实上,张文宏的说法错误地制止了人们用醋来避免感染,从而制止了人们积极地用醋进行自我防护,从而,其说教的实际社会效果是帮助病毒杀人。

   新冠状病毒流行之所以失控。就是张文宏这样的专家太多了,不进行认真实验研究,仅仅根据个人主观预测,不断地胡说八道。下面是我搜索到的文章。

   《张文宏:热水澡有用吗?熏醋有用吗?居家防新冠,有这一篇就够了!》

      小大夫漫画 2020-02-19 10:13

      

   202122- 9日,我曾经写文章《消除新冠病毒流行 必须停止病毒复制  中医毙西医原理》,介绍了食用醋神奇功效

  http://www.kwcg.ca/bbs/home.php?mod=space&uid=61910&do=blog&quickforward=1&id=15828

   醋能够灭活新冠病毒

   2020624日,日本大阪大学学者发表文章Virucidal effect of acetic acid and vinegar on SARSCoV-2《醋酸和醋对SARSCoV-2的杀毒作用》指出:5分钟的时间,4%和6%的乙酸水溶液均灭活了新冠病毒,使病毒的滴度低于检测极限。1分钟的时间,5%和6%的蒸馏醋灭活新冠病毒,使病毒滴度低于检测极限。


   2020720日,意大利圣拉斐尔生命健康大学的学者发表文章 Vinegar and Its Active Component Acetic Acid Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro and Ex Vivo《醋及其活性成分乙酸在体外和体内抑制新型冠状病毒感染》,0.34%低浓度醋的熏蒸减轻轻度新冠感染者的症状。比较体温的37°C,在45°C熏蒸,会增强效果。醋可通过降低鼻腔中的病毒来抑制病毒感染性。通过局部施用稀释的醋或乙酸抑制鼻黏膜中病毒的复制,具有预防或减少下呼吸道新冠病毒感染的潜力,从而减少肺炎的发生和临床并发症。


   文章作者还说,具有抗新冠病毒活性的化合物可以作为局部杀菌剂,以抑制病毒进入上呼吸道和复制。通过局部治疗减少上呼吸道的病毒载量,还可对新冠病毒的人际传播产生重大影响。


   提高免疫力


   2001411日,研究报告The effect of cider vinegar on some nutritional and physiological parameters in mice 苹果醋对小鼠某些营养和生理指标的影响》说,任何剂量的醋,都能够增加血液的血红蛋白,总红细胞计数和总白细胞计数;显着增加肝脏和脾脏重量。


Apple cider vinegar can help clear bacteria and yeast infections; a natural cure《苹果醋可以帮助清除细菌和酵母菌感染,是一种天然疗法》说,醋可以通过阻止有害细菌和真菌在生长轨迹中的生长,破坏其细胞壁,蛋白质结构,核蛋白和代谢酶,从而改变其结构来阻止这些感染的传播。

Effect of probiotic and vinegar on growth performance, meat yields, immune responses, and small intestine morphology of broiler chickens《益生菌和醋对肉鸡生长性能,肉产量,免疫反应和小肠形态的影响》30天大的肉鸡,饮用水稀释的醋,可显着降低小肠肌肉厚度和腹部脂肪。


   2017727日,研究报告Anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects of synthetic acetic acid vinegar and Nipa vinegar on high-fat-diet-induced obese mice《合成醋和尼帕醋对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠的抗肥胖和抗炎作用》:醋可减少脂质沉积,改善血脂谱,增加脂肪因子表达和抑制肥胖小鼠的炎症。


   200987日,文章Vinegar intake reduces body weight, body fat mass, and serum triglyceride levels in obese Japanese subjects《摄取醋可降低肥胖日本受试者的体重,体内脂肪量和血清甘油三酸酯水平》说,用双盲试验研究了醋对减轻肥胖日本人体内脂肪的影响。受试者被随机分为三组。在12周内,每组受试者相当于每天摄入7501,500毫克的纯净醋或安慰剂。两个摄入醋组的日本人的体体重,内脏脂肪面积,腰围和血清甘油三酯水平,都显低于安慰剂组。证明,每天摄入醋可通过减少肥胖症来预防代谢综合征。


   2017727日,文章Anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects of synthetic acetic acid vinegar and Nipa vinegar on high-fat-diet-induced obese mice《合成乙酸醋和尼帕醋对肥胖高脂饮食肥胖小鼠的抗肥胖和抗炎作用》说,有人提出了基于食物的生物活性成分,例如醋,作为肥胖病流行的解决方案。尽管乙酸已被确定是醋中有助于减肥的主要成分,但报告显示由不同原料制成的醋具有不同的生物活性。本研究的目的是比较合成醋和尼帕醋对高脂饮食小鼠的抗肥胖和抗炎作用。给小鼠饲喂高脂饮食,同时,在第24周开始,给小鼠口服合成醋或尼帕醋(0.082微升/千克体重),直到第33周。以饲喂标准颗粒饲料的小鼠作为对照组。


   尽管合成醋和尼帕醋都能减少食物的摄入和体重,但是,高剂量的尼帕醋,能够更有效地减少脂质沉积,改善血脂状况,增加脂肪因子表达并抑制肥胖小鼠的炎症。因此,高剂量的尼帕醋,可通过改变高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠的脂质代谢,炎症和肠道微生物组成来减肥。

   译注:尼帕醋,是由尼帕棕榈汁液制成的传统菲律宾醋,通常以“棕榈醋”的通用商标出售。


Vinegar Consumption Increases Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake by the Forearm Muscle in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes《食醋摄入增加了2型糖尿病患者前臂肌肉的胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取》:醋可降低餐后血糖,高胰岛素血症和高甘油三酸酯血症,而不影响脂解作用。醋对碳水化合物代谢的影响可以部分归因于葡萄糖摄取的增加,这表明骨骼肌中胰岛素作用的改善。


   2018106日,文章Is Vinegar Good for You《醋对您是否有益》说,2015年,希腊对11位糖尿病患者研究,先喝一盎司醋,然后食用火腿和奶酪三明治,橙汁和谷物棒,血糖和胰岛素水平,比那些只喝水的人低。

Nine Benefits of Apple Cider Vinegar《苹果酒醋的九种好处》说,苹果醋可以将食物中的氧化铁还原,释放氧到血液中,从而为人体提供更多的氧气。

The Surprising Benefits of Apple Cider Vinegar《苹果醋的惊人好处》说苹果醋可以帮助您释放食物中的铁,供身体使用。这很重要,因为铁是血红蛋白和肌红蛋白的关键成分, 血红蛋白和肌红蛋白都负责将氧气输送至全身的细胞。 

Apple Cider Vinegar for Sleep: Fact or Fiction《苹果酒用于睡眠:事实还是虚构》说,苹果醋加速富含蛋白质的食物的分解,从而有助于消化。在此过程会产生诸如色氨酸之类的氨基酸,这些氨基酸可增强5-羟色胺和褪黑激素等激素的产生,从而诱导改善睡眠。

Study on sober-up effect of crystal sugar-vinegar solution《冰糖醋溶液的清醒作用研究》说,冰糖醋溶液可以延长醉酒小鼠的正向反射消失的潜伏期,并降低小鼠的死亡率。冰糖醋还可以降低醉酒兔子的血中酒精含量,尤其是在饮酒后30分钟和180分钟。冰糖醋溶液对醉酒模型动物具有明显的清醒作用。

Lung Health Institute网站上发表文章Apple Cider Vinegar and COPD《苹果醋和慢性阻塞性肺病》说,苹果醋中的钾可稀释口鼻腔的粘痰,消除鼻塞,酸可以防止细菌生长。


   上述信息已经足够说明醋的功效,就此打住。继续搜索,还有更多。


   食用醋是通过破坏病菌和病毒的蛋白结构来破坏病毒的复制,具有广谱性,外加上述这么多健康益处,醋可以用作保健剂,装入塑料袋,每天吸几口醋的挥发物,既能保健,消除打呼噜和呼吸暂停,还能杀灭可能入侵呼吸道的病毒。从此,不必惧怕任何呼吸传染病。                                                                

Comorbidities in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis说,癌症,慢性肾病,糖尿病和高血压与新冠感染患者的死亡率相关。统计学上,慢性肾脏病是导致死亡的最主要合并症。


   醋可以诱导癌细胞的选择性死亡


   201843日,日本学者文章《乙酸是胃癌细胞的氧化应激因子》Acetic acid is an oxidative stressor in gastric cancer cells,报道了在2-5 µM乙酸浓度下诱导癌细胞选择性死亡。与正常胃粘膜细胞相比,胃癌粘膜细胞单羧酸转运蛋白的表达增加,并且乙酸的摄入量较高。癌性胃粘膜细胞暴露于乙酸可增强活性氧的产生和单羧酸转运蛋白的表达,并诱导细胞凋亡。乙酸通过涉及氧化应激的机制诱导胃细胞中癌细胞的选择性死亡。


   20081216日,日本学者文章《天然发酵甘蔗醋诱导人白血病细胞凋亡》Induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cells by naturally fermented sugar cane vinegar (kibizu) of Amami Ohshima Island报道,甘蔗醋能够抑制白血病细胞的生长并诱导白血病细胞凋亡。甘蔗汁能清除自由基。这些结果使我们考虑到,通过酵母和醋酸细菌的微生物发酵,甘蔗汁中的活性成分可以转化为更多的亲脂性化合物,从而具有诱导癌细胞凋亡的活性。


   2019726日,马来西亚学者文章《菠萝醋在体外和体内对小鼠乳腺细胞的凋亡和转移抑制潜力》Apoptosis and metastasis inhibitory potential of pineapple vinegar against mouse mammary gland cells in vitro and in vivo报道,试验表明,菠萝醋可诱导70%的细胞凋亡。高浓度的菠萝醋(2毫升 / 公斤体重)导致肿瘤重量和体积减少了45%。这种作用可能是由于T细胞和NK细胞数量增加所致。此外,在菠萝醋治疗组中记录到的转移事件较少,这可以通过炎症相关基因的下调来解释。菠萝醋延缓癌症进展的潜力可作为化学预防性饮食干预的手段用于癌症治疗。


   醋可治疗慢性肾脏疾病


   202031日,文章《用醋改变肠道菌群与改善高草酸尿引起的肾脏损伤有关》Alteration of the gut microbiota by vinegar is associated with amelioration of hyperoxaluria-induced kidney injury报道,使用乙二醇诱导的高草酸尿大鼠模型,评估醋对肾损伤的影响。口服,每公斤体重2毫升醋,第1天,降低血清肌酐和血尿素氮,并防止高草酸尿症引起的肾损伤,肾纤维化和炎症。


   对肠道菌群分析表明,醋处理改变了它们的微生物组成,尤其是能够恢复丙二酸杆菌,反刍纲梭菌,阿利培比氏菌水平,在高草酸尿所致的肾损伤大鼠中这些肠道菌群的水平显着增加。此外,代谢物分析表明,共鉴定出35种血清和42种尿代谢物与醋对高草酸尿所致肾损伤大鼠的保护作用有关。这些代谢物大多数涉及硫胺素代谢,甘油磷酸穿梭,生物素代谢,磷脂酰胆碱的生物合成和膜脂质代谢。


   重要发现,醋是通过改善肠道菌群和代谢体的特征来改善高草酸尿症引起的肾脏损伤。因为,在抗生素治疗耗尽肠道菌群后,醋对肾损伤的作用减弱。


   2020930日,文章苹《果酒在大鼠肾损伤的保护作用》Protective role of apple cider vinegar (APCV) in CCl4-induced renal damage in wistar rats报告,与对照组动物相比,醋显着增加了肾损伤大鼠的尿素,肌酐,Na +K +。醋可将上述改变逆转至接近正常水平。 此外,醋治疗改善了肾损伤大鼠的肾脏组织学的改变(出血性病变)。观察结果表明,苹果醋具有治疗肾脏疾病和伴随功能障碍的潜力。


   醋可以治愈糖尿病


   201556日,希腊学者文章《食醋摄入增加了2型糖尿病患者前臂肌肉的胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄入量》Vinegar Consumption Increases Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake by the Forearm Muscle in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes报告,112型糖尿病患者食用醋或安慰剂。与安慰剂相比,醋能增加前臂葡萄糖摄取量,降低血浆葡萄糖,胰岛素和甘油三酸酯,而没有改变非酯化脂肪酸和甘油的水平。表明,醋可降低餐后高血糖,高胰岛素血症和高甘油三酸酯血症,而不会影响脂解作用。醋对碳水化合物代谢的影响可以部分归因于葡萄糖摄取的增加,这表明骨骼肌中胰岛素作用的改善。


   醋可降低高血压


   2014522日,文章《醋酸和醋对自发性高血压大鼠的降压作用》Antihypertensive effects of acetic acid and vinegar on spontaneously hypertensive rats报道,醋酸本身是醋的主要成分,与对照组相比,醋组的血压和肾素活性均显着降低。在各个器官中,血管紧张素I转换酶活性没有显着差异。关于这种功能的机制,有人认为这种血压降低可能是由于肾素活性的显着降低和随后血管紧张素II的降低引起的。这项研究还表明,醋的降压作用主要归因于醋中的乙酸。


   下面是纽约时报中文网的文章



“奇迹般的存在”:疫情中走红的中国医生张文宏



袁莉  2021年3月12日

张文宏是上海疫情防控的顶级专家,他不会挑战政府,但也不会一直遵守它的规则。
张文宏是上海疫情防控的顶级专家,他不会挑战政府,但也不会一直遵守它的规则。 WU JUN/VISUAL CHINA GROUP VIA GETTY IMAGES

中国为了阻止新冠病毒采取了世界上最严厉的封锁措施。一个城市封闭了公寓门,导致居民要靠着很少的食物和药品维持。在一个村庄里,一个当地人因为出门买烟而被绑在树上。北京强迫人们在离开家隔离时抛弃他们的宠物。

鉴于中央政府对其抗疫运动的执念,很少有官员反对这种过度行为。但这并没有阻止张文宏。

张文宏是一名传染病专家,也许是中国在新冠病毒上最受信任的声音。虽然他没有批评个别城市,但他公开表示反对过度封锁。他常说,防疫工作就像“陶瓷店里抓老鼠”。

在第二波感染引发了严厉的封锁措施后,张文宏在1月24日写道:“希望不要因为防疫对社会生活产生大的影响。”

几天后,他在一则视频中说:“如果我们未来坚持一个没有病例的社会,那么我们的日子会过得异常艰苦。”

张文宏可能是中国最近似美国传染病专家安东尼·福奇(Anthony S. Fauci)博士的人物。福奇在特朗普政府陷入混乱期间成为抗击新冠病毒的公众形象。张文宏是一位医术精湛的技术官僚,既不代表政治也不代表意识形态。然而,通过直截了当地提出自己的专家意见,他抵抗了政府系统中常常用严厉措施作出过度反应的本能。

张文宏是上海复旦大学的一位顶级学者,也是一名中共党员,领导了上海的新冠病毒专家小组,这使他对上海的应对行动拥有相当大的权威。

尽管封锁限制有所放松,但上海的感染人数比中国其他许多城市都要少。
尽管封锁限制有所放松,但上海的感染人数比中国其他许多城市都要少。 HU CHENGWEI/GETTY IMAGES

与敦促特朗普政府做更多的工作的福奇不同,对于不向新冠病毒妥协的中国,张文宏倡导采取更具战略意义的方法。在这个过程中,他对中国公众充满尊重,与其他站在权威位置的人的态度相比是完全不同的。张文宏尤其受到专业人士和技术官僚的欢迎,他们赞扬他在一个被宣传阴谋论不加掩饰的民族主义困扰的社会里还能保持真诚。

“这个时候,谣言比病毒本身更可怕,”他说。“我们要用理性数据和专业知识给大家解读疫情。”

自由主义杂志《南风窗》的前主编朱学东在微信朋友圈上写道:“在中国,张文宏是个奇迹般的存在。”

“一个医生身上,理性、科学、文明的话语,温婉地抵抗住了这个前现代社会的一切不讲理的蛮横,贪婪与无耻,”朱学东写道。“给我们以温暖,慰藉,与希望。”

张文宏未回应置评请求。

在当今的中国,取得成功通常意味着要用共产党的语言讲话。那些拒绝跟随意识形态浪潮的人通过保持沉默来保持独立。

相比之下,张文宏有能力畅所欲言。上海有2400万人口,仅有过371个本地病例,死亡七人。它用于管控所实施的限制比北京少得多。北京有2100万居民,本地病例828例,死亡九例。

北京的一个疫苗接种中心为抗击Covid-19实施了严格的封锁。
北京的一个疫苗接种中心为抗击Covid-19实施了严格的封锁。 KEVIN FRAYER/GETTY IMAGES

他的预测——用他特有的那种带点上海口音的普通话连珠炮似地传达出来——完全正确。他很早就预测大流行可能会持续至少一到两年。一年前的这个月,当中国实际上仍处于封闭状态时,他说中国已经度过了最黑暗的时刻。

记者开始找他采访。他的一些回应成了网络米姆。比如:

“流感不是感冒,就好像老虎不是猫。”

“你觉得很闷吗?病毒也要被你‘闷死’了。”

“防火,防盗,防同事。”

他于去年年中开设了他的微博社交媒体帐户,拥有360万粉丝。他的许多视频已经被观看了数千万次。去年3月,欧洲和美国正暴发感染,他与他人共同撰写了一篇关于大流行的全球前景的文章,仅他所在部门的官方微信帐户就被浏览了8.6亿多次。

在中国保持高知名度通常需要谨慎。去年年底,技术亿万富翁马云公开批评了监管机构。当局迅速打压了他的商业帝国

张文宏并不挑战政府,但他也不总是遵守官方的规矩。去年年底,一些中国官员指出,在进口食品的包装上发现了病毒,这表明新冠病毒可能是从国外进入中国的。张文宏告诉他的受众们不要担心:“买进口商品被新冠感染的概率低于空难。”

“不是怕说错,怕有舆情,我就先不说,不让大家知道,”他在夏天说。“我们一直是有一说一。”

今年1月,上海某社区发生了几起Covid-19感染病例,居民被疏散后,医务人员在喷洒消毒剂。
今年1月,上海某社区发生了几起Covid-19感染病例,居民被疏散后,医务人员在喷洒消毒剂。 AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES

现年51岁的他出生于上海以南300英里处的瑞安市,按中国的标准是个小城市。他曾就读于现为复旦大学下属的上海医科大学,并在隶属于哈佛医学院(Harvard Medical School)和香港大学的医院受训。他是复旦华山医院感染科主任,每周有两天半的时间看诊,并以教授的身份授课。

他自嘲的幽默与中国官员的严厉、自负形成鲜明对比。他称自己为“乡下人”。他买过的健身卡都没怎么用。他说,累的时候会看无聊的电视剧。

他的网络粉丝给他起的昵称包括“最刚医生”和“张爸”。一些中年女性称他为“男神”。

张文宏的评论有时引起了中国民族主义者的批评,这些民族主义者在日益引导该国舆论。当他告诉父母在早上给孩子吃鸡蛋和牛奶而不是中国传统的早餐粥时,他们说他是崇拜西方生活方式的叛徒。他回应说蛋白质有助于建立免疫系统。

尽管如此,他仍保持着很高的知名度,而没有引起政府的强烈不满或民族主义者的持续批评。这部分源于中国对迅速遏制新冠病毒的自豪感。在其中发挥作用的张文宏获得了官方组织的许多奖项。

在观看他的演讲时,我发现了他吸引力不减的另一个关键。他在9月举行的全国教学奖颁奖典礼上的即席演讲中说,教育的本质是认同人的尊严。张文宏的人情味打动了观众,通过承认他自己的缺点,向当局和公众表示他也只是一个普通人。

他在一次讲话中提到,一些人因为要照顾感染禽流感的亲人而被感染,而女性患者更可能传染给深爱她们的母亲而不是缺席的丈夫。他对观众说:“那一刻,我对爱情失去了信心。”

当他卷起袖子注射第二剂疫苗时,他告诉记者,他没想到那里会有摄像机。他说:“早知道要拍,我三角肌早点多练练。”

在去年6月的一次采访中,一位记者问他是否有人委婉提醒他注意他的专家以及政府任命的专家组长的身份。“人都很聪明的,”他回答。“你说的是真话还是假话,是看得出来的。”

当他获得公众赞誉时,他经常利用这个机会来强调他的初衷,例如为传染病研究提供更多资金,以及提高公众对结核病和乙型肝炎的认识,这是中国最常见的两种传染病。

他还谈到有些人更值得人们关注,例如抗疫一线的女性医护人员,她们在媒体报道中通常被排在男性之后。他在一个有关该主题的论坛上说:“上镜头的次数不如男同胞多,但她们为疫情防控付出了很多。”

然后他转向女医务人员,鞠了个躬

袁莉为《纽约时报》撰写“新新世界”专栏,专注中国及亚洲科技、商业和政治交叉议题。欢迎在Twitter上关注她 @liyuan6

翻译:纽约时报中文网

点击查看本文英文版。


THE NEW NEW WORLD

In a Fearful China, Its Dr. Fauci Wins Hearts With Restraint

Zhang Wenhong has drawn a huge public following with a human touch and candid advice that sometimes runs counter to the government’s authoritarian instincts.


Zhang Wenhong, the top expert in Shanghai during the pandemic, won’t challenge the government but doesn’t always toe its line.

Zhang Wenhong, the top expert in Shanghai during the pandemic, won’t challenge the government but doesn’t always toe its line.Credit...Wu Jun/Visual China Group, via Getty Images



China has imposed some of the toughest lockdowns in the world to stop Covid-19. One city sealed apartment doors, leaving residents with dwindling food and medicine. One village tied a local to a tree after he left home to buy cigarettes. Beijing forced people to leave their pets behind when they went into quarantine.


Few officials spoke up against the excesses, given the central government’s obsession with its anti-coronavirus campaign. That hasn’t stopped Dr. Zhang Wenhong.

Dr. Zhang, an infectious-disease specialist and perhaps China’s most trusted voice on Covid-19, has spoken out publicly against excessive lockdowns, though he hasn’t criticized individual cities. Fighting the pandemic, he likes to say, is like “catching mice in a china shop.”

“We hope that our pandemic prevention measures won’t affect public life too much,” Dr. Zhang wrote on Jan. 24, after a second wave of infections prompted tough clampdowns.

“If we pursue the goal of zero infection,” he said in a video a few days later, “life would be too hard.”

Dr. Zhang may be China’s closest analogue to Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the American infectious-disease specialist who became the public face of stopping the coronavirus amid the chaos of the Trump administration. A consummate technocrat, Dr. Zhang comes across as neither political nor ideological. Yet, by offering his expert opinions straight, he pushes back against the authoritarian instinct in a system that often overreacts with draconian measures.

A top academic at Fudan University in Shanghai and a member of the Communist Party, Dr. Zhang led Shanghai’s expert panel on Covid-19, giving him considerable authority over the city’s response.

Shanghai suffered fewer infections than many other Chinese cities, despite a somewhat lighter touch with lockdown restrictions. 

Shanghai suffered fewer infections than many other Chinese cities, despite a somewhat lighter touch with lockdown restrictions. Credit...Hu Chengwei/Getty Images


Unlike Dr. Fauci, who urged the Trump administration to do more, Dr. Zhang championed a more strategic approach for a country that didn’t take coronavirus half-measures. In doing so, he spoke to the Chinese public with respect, a refreshing change from the way others in authority often carry themselves. Dr. Zhang is especially popular among professionals and technocrats who admire him for his sincerity in a society plagued by propagandaconspiracy theories and crude nationalism.

“At this moment, rumors are more terrifying than the virus,” he said at the beginning of the outbreak. “We need to explain the epidemic to the public with rational data and professional knowledge.”


“Zhang Wenhong leads a magical existence in China,” wrote Zhu Xuedong, the former editor in chief of the liberal-leaning magazine Nanfengchuang, on WeChat’s social media timeline.

“He uses rational, scientific and civilized words to gently resist all the arrogance, greed and brazenness in this premodern society,” Mr. Zhu wrote. “He gives us warmth, consolation and hope.”

Dr. Zhang did not respond to requests for comment.

In today’s China, getting ahead often means speaking in the language of the Communist Party. Those who refuse to ride the ideological tide keep their independence by keeping quiet.

By contrast, Dr. Zhang has earned an ability to speak freely. Shanghai, a city of 24 million people, has had only 371 local infections and seven deaths. It managed those numbers with fewer restrictions than the city of Beijing, with 21 million residents, 828 local infections and nine deaths.

A vaccination center in Beijing, which instituted a tough lockdown to fight Covid-19.Credit...Kevin Frayer/Getty Images

His forecasts — delivered in his characteristic rapid-fire Mandarin, tinged with a soft Shanghai accent — have been on the mark. He predicted early on that the pandemic could last at least one to two years. A year ago this month, when China was still virtually shut down, he said China had left its darkest hours behind.

Journalists began to seek him out. Some of his responses became internet memes. A few examples:

“Influenza is not a cold, just like a tiger is not a cat.”

“You’re bored to death at home, so the virus will be bored to death, too.”

“Stay away from fire, thieves and your colleagues.”

His Weibo social media account, which he started in the middle of last year, has 3.6 million followers. Many of his videos have been viewed tens of millions of times. An article he co-wrote on the pandemic’s global prospects last March, when Europe and the United States were exploding with infections, was viewed more than 860 million times on his department’s official WeChat account alone.

Maintaining a high profile in China often requires discretion. Late last year, Jack Ma, the technology billionaire, publicly criticized regulators. The authorities quickly swooped down on his business empire.

Dr. Zhang doesn’t challenge the government, but neither does he always toe the official line. Late last year, some Chinese officials pointed to findings that the virus had been found on the packaging of imported food, suggesting that the coronavirus may have been brought to China from overseas. Dr. Zhang has told his audience not to worry about it: “The chance of catching the virus from imported goods,” he said, “is lower than dying in a plane crash.”

“I’m not going to hide the information because I’m worried that I could say something wrong and cause some controversies,” he said over the summer. “We always share what we know.”


Image

Health workers in a Shanghai neighborhood in January spraying disinfectant after residents were evacuated following a handful of Covid-19 infections.Credit...Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

Dr. Zhang, 51, was born in Rui’an, a small town by Chinese standards 300 miles south of Shanghai. He attended Shanghai Medical University, now part of Fudan University, and trained at hospitals affiliated with Harvard Medical School and Hong Kong University. He heads the infectious disease department at Huashan Hospital of Fudan, sees patients two half-days a week and teaches classes as a professor.

His self-deprecating humor stands in contrast to China’s stern, self-important officials. He calls himself a “country bumpkin.” His gym membership often goes unused. When he is tired, he says, he likes to watch stupid television shows.

His nicknames bestowed by his online fans include “the most courageous doctor” and “Daddy Zhang.” Roughly translated, some middle-age women call him their “Mr. Perfect.”

Dr. Zhang’s comments have sometimes drawn criticism from Chinese nationalists who increasingly drive public opinion in the country. They called him a traitor who worships the Western lifestyle when he told parents to feed their children eggs and milk in the morning instead of congee, the traditional Chinese breakfast. He responded that protein helps build the immune system.

Still, he has kept a high profile without drawing major ire from the government or sustained criticism from the nationalists. Some of that stems from China’s pride in quickly containing the coronavirus. Dr. Zhang, who played a role in that, has won a number of awards from official groups.

In watching his speeches, I found another key to his sustained appeal. In his impromptu speech at a national teaching award ceremony in September, he said the essence of education is acknowledging human dignity. Mr. Zhang appeals to the humanity of his audience and, by admitting his own foibles, shows the authorities and the public that he is merely human, too.

In one speech, he mentioned that some victims of avian flu had caught it from taking care of their infected loved ones, and that female patients were more likely to infect their doting mothers than their absent husbands. “At that moment,” he told the audience, “I lost faith in romantic love.”

When he rolled up his sleeve to get a second vaccine injection, he told journalists that he hadn’t expected cameras to be there. “Otherwise,” he said, “I would have worked on my deltoid.”


In an interview last June, a reporter asked him whether anybody had reminded him to be mindful of his status as an expert and the head of an expert government panel.

“People are smart,” he responded. “They know whether you’re telling them truth or lies.”

When he gets public accolades, he often uses the occasion to highlight his causes, like more funding for infectious-disease research and for increasing the public awareness of tuberculosis and hepatitis B, two of the most common infectious diseases in China.

He also talks about people who deserved more attention, like the women among the pandemic responders whose role has often taken a back seat to the men’s in the media. “Men are on camera more,” he said at a forum on the subject, “but women did more work.”

Then he turned to the female medical workers, and bowed.


路过

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